EC Psychology and Psychiatry

Review Article Volume 12 Issue 3 - 2023

Futuristic Thinking about Engineering “Geneospirituality” to Help Prevent Relapse of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Behaviors

Kenneth Blum1-6*, Thomas McLaughlin2, Abdalla Bowirrat3, Debasis Bagchi7,8, Eric R Braverman2, Ashim Gupta9, David Baron1, Panayotis K Thanos10,11, Jag Khalsa12,13, Nicole Jafari14,15, Foojan Zeine16, John Giordano17, Catherine A Dennen18, Margaret A Madigan2, Paul Carney19, Mark S Gold20, Keerthy Sunder21-22 and Rajendra D Badgaiyan23

1Division of Addiction Research and Education, Center for Sports, Exercise and Global Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA

2Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Neurogenetic and Behavioral Institute, LLC., Austin, TX, USA

3Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel

4Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

5Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA

6Department of Psychiatry, Wright University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA

7Division of Systems Biology, Victory Nutrition International (VNI), Bonita Springs, FL, USA

8Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA

9Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA, USA

10Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

11Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

12Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse and Infections Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Special Volunteer, Gaithersburg, MD, USA

13Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Ross Hall Room 502A, 2300 I Street, Washington, NWDC, USA

14Department of Human Development, California State University at long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA

15Division of Personalized Medicine, Cross-Cultural Research and Educational Institute, San Clemente, CA, USA

16Awareness Integration Institute, San Clemente, CA, USA

17Ketamine Infusion Clinic of South Florida, Pompano Beach, Fl, USA

18Department of Family Medicine, Jefferson Health Northeast, Philadelphia, PA, USA

19Division Pediatric Neurology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA

20Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

21Karma Doctors and Karma TMS, Palm Springs, CA, USA

22Department of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA

23Department of Psychiatry, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA

*Corresponding Author: Kenneth Blum, Division of Addiction Research and Education, Center for Sports, Exercise and Global Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
Received: December 17, 2022; Published: February 16, 2023



It is with a saddened heart that we are dedicating this article to the loving memory of our dear departed friend and associate B. William Downs. Bill was well known in the nutritional space worldwide for his major contributions to the health and welfare of millions around the globe. The founder of Victory Nutrition International (VNI) in conjunction with Kim Downs, as well as so many contributions to scientific literature, to those that knew him personally will forever be touched. Bill was a highly spirited human with a never ending love for caring and helping so many individuals. To know Bill is to walk in the face of a music lover playing drums, trained as a martial artist, and riding through the winds of a Beamer driven by an iconic man driven to victory. Our hearts may be saddened but Bills spirit to those that know him will be forever. In this article we discuss and review some potential futuristic concepts and technological advancements in terms of geneospirituality engineering to help prevent relapse and or even protect against an unwanted predisposition to RDS behaviors. Futuristic development may contribute to an attenuation of both DNA antecedents as well as epigenetic reward system insults leading to unwanted substance and non-substance addictive behaviors.

Keywords: Futuristic Thinking; Geneospirituality; Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)

  1. Zhou L and Foster JA. “Psychobiotics and the gut-brain axis: in the pursuit of happiness”. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 11 (2015): 715-723.
  2. Neitzke AB. “On the genetic modification of psychology, personality, and behavior”. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal4 (2012): 307-343.
  3. Charlton BG. “Genospirituality: genetic engineering for spiritual and religious enhancement”. Medical Hypotheses6 (2008): 825-828.
  4. Tucker K., et al. “Kv1.3 gene-targeted deletion alters longevity and reduces adiposity by increasing locomotion and metabolism in melanocortin-4 receptor-null mice”. International Journal of Obesity8 (2008): 1222-1232.
  5. Wells DA. “Plasticity-Led Evolution and Human Culture”. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science (2021).
  6. Higashijima Y and Nangaku M. “The Nobel Prize in chemistry in 2020: genome editing tools and their immeasurable applications for humankind”. Kidney International6 (2020): 1367-1369.
  7. Asghari V., et al. “Modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels by different human dopamine D4 receptor variants”. Journal of Neurochemistry3 (1995): 1157-1165.
  8. Blum K., et al. “The Molecular Neurobiology of Twelve Steps Program and Fellowship: Connecting the Dots for Recovery”. Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome1 (2015): 46-64.
  9. Hamer D. “The god gene”. New York: Doubleday (2004).
  10. Newberg A. “The brain and the biology of belief: An interview with Andrew Newberg, MD. Interview by Nancy Nachman-Hunt”. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine1 (2009): 32-36.
  11. He Y., et al. “Candidate genes for novelty-seeking: a meta-analysis of association studies of DRD4 exon III and COMT Val-158Met”. Psychiatric Genetics6 (2018): 97-109.
  12. Cohen MX., et al. “Connectivity-based segregation of the human striatum predicts personality characteristics”. Nature Neuroscience1 (2009): 32-34.
  13. Comings DE., et al. “A multivariate analysis of 59 candidate genes in personality traits: the temperament and character inventory”. Clinical Genetics5 (2000): 375-385.
  14. Nilsson KW., et al. “Genes encoding for AP-2beta and the Serotonin Transporter are associated with the Personality Character Spiritual Acceptance”. Neuroscience Letters3 (2007): 233-237.
  15. Borg J., et al. “The serotonin system and spiritual experiences”. The American Journal of Psychiatry11 (2003): 1965-1969.
  16. Bachner-Melman R., et al. “AVPR1a and SLC6A4 gene polymorphisms are associated with creative dance performance”. PLoS Genetics3 (2005): e42.
  17. Blum K., et al. “Preaddiction" construct and reward deficiency syndrome: genetic link via dopaminergic dysregulation”. The Annals of Translational Medicine's21 (2022): 1181.
  18. Blum K., et al. “Overcoming reward deficiency syndrome by the induction of "dopamine homeostasis" instead of opioids for addiction: illusion or reality? Journal of Osteopathic Medicine7 (2022): 333-337.
  19. Bartlett VL and Johnson RL. “God and genes in the caring professions: clinician and clergy perceptions of religion and genetics”. Seminars in Medical Genetics, Part C of the American Journal of Medical Genetics1 (2009): 41-51.
  20. Dermatis H and Galanter M. “The Role of Twelve-Step-Related Spirituality in Addiction Recovery”. Journal of Religion and Health2 (2016): 510-521.
  21. Orsolini L., et al. “Evolutionary Considerations on the Emerging Subculture of the E-psychonauts and the Novel Psychoactive Substances: A Comeback to the Shamanism? Current Neuropharmacology5 (2017): 731-737.
  22. Brown AW. “Racism and the Christian Church in America: Caught between the Knowledge of Good and Evil”. Social Work in Public Health1 (2019): 134-144.
  23. Whitley R. “Atheism and mental health”. Harvard Review of Psychiatry3 (2010): 190-194.
  24. Martins SS., et al. “Worldwide Prevalence and Trends in Unintentional Drug Overdose: A Systematic Review of the Literature”. American Journal of Public Health11 (2015): e29-49.
  25. Schoenthaler SJ., et al. “NIDA-Drug Addiction Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS) Relapse as a Function of Spirituality/Religiosity”. Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome1 (2015): 36-45.
  26. Roy AK., et al. “Neurobiology and Spirituality in Addiction Recovery”. Acta Scientific Neurology9 (2021): 64-71.
  27. Robins MT., et al. “From Pleasure to Pain, and Back Again: The Intricate Relationship Between Alcohol and Nociception”. Alcohol Alcoholic6 (2019): 625-638.
  28. Lehrner A and Yehuda R. “Cultural trauma and epigenetic inheritance”. Development and Psychopathology5 (2018): 1763-1777.
  29. Mobbs D and Watt C. “There is nothing paranormal about near-death experiences: how neuroscience can explain seeing bright lights, meeting the dead, or being convinced you are one of them”. Trends in Cognitive Sciences10 (2011): 447-449.
  30. Blum K., et al. “Cannabis-Induced Hypodopaminergic Anhedonia and Cognitive Decline in Humans: Embracing Putative Induction of Dopamine Homeostasis”. Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 (2021): 623403.
  31. Blum K., et al. “Psychoactive Drugs Like Cannabis -Induce Hypodopaminergic Anhedonia and Neuropsychological Dysfunction in Humans: Putative Induction of Dopamine Homeostasis via Coupling of Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) testing and Precision Pro-dopamine Regulation (KB220)”. Neurology4 (2021): 86-92.
  32. Dennen CA., et al. “Neurogenetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Cannabinoids”. Epigenomes3 (2022): 27.
  33. Khalsa JH., et al. “Review: Cannabinoids as Medicinals”. Current Addiction Reports4 (2022): 630-646.
  34. Bara A., et al. “Cannabis and synaptic reprogramming of the developing brain”. Nature Reviews Neuroscience7 (2021): 423-438.

Kenneth Blum., et al. Futuristic Thinking about Engineering “Geneospirituality” to Help Prevent Relapse of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Behaviors. EC Psychology and Psychiatry 12.3 (2023): 26-32.

ECronicon Journal

Our Services

Quick Links

Information

Creative Commons LicenseOpen Access by ECronicon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Based on a work at www.ecronicon.uk